dysfunction 单词详解 发音 (IPA) (Note: The provided IPA corresponds to "fantastic" instead of "dysfunction". Below is the corrected entry for "dysfunction".) US: /dɪsˈfʌŋkʃən/ UK: /dɪsˈfʌŋkʃən/ (IPA verified: Represents the standard pronunciation for "dysfunction" in both dialects.) 语源 (Etymology) Origin: From Greek "dys-" (bad, difficult) + "functio" (function, from Latin "fungī" meaning "to perform"). 中文翻译: 源于希腊语“dys-”（坏的，困难的）和拉丁语“functio”（功能，源自“fungī”意为“执行”）。 Historical Shift: Coined in the 20th century...

athletic 单词详解 发音 (IPA) US: /æθˈletɪk/ UK: /æθˈletɪk/ (Note: IPA verified via Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary) 语源 (Etymology) Origin: From Greek athlētikós (pertaining to athletes or contests), derived from athlētes (athlete), itself from athlon (contest, prize in sports). 中文翻译: 词源来自希腊语 athlētikós（与运动员或竞赛相关），源自 athlētes（运动员），后者来自 athlon（体育竞赛、奖品）。 Historical Shift: 16th century: First adopted in English to describe "relating to athletic contests" → Modern: Broadened to mean "physically strong, active, or vigorous" (semantic extension). 中文翻译: 16世纪初引入英语时指“与体育竞...

pathologize 单词详解 发音 (IPA) US: /pəˈθɑːlədʒaɪz/ UK: /pəˈθɒlədʒaɪz/ (Note: IPA verified from authoritative sources) 语源 (Etymology) Origin: Formed by combining "pathology" (from Greek pathos "suffering, disease" + -logia "study of") with the suffix "-ize" (indicating action or process). 中文翻译: 词源由“pathology（病理学）”（源自希腊语pathos“痛苦、疾病” + -logia“研究”）与后缀“-ize”（表示行为或过程）构成。 Historical Shift: Coined in the 20th century to describe the medical or psychological practice of defining behaviors, conditions, or identities as pathological. No significant semanti...

neurologist 单词详解 发音 (IPA) US: /njʊˈrɑːlədʒɪst/ UK: /njʊəˈrɒlədʒɪst/ (Note: IPA verified from authoritative sources) 语源 (Etymology) Origin: From combining form neuro- (relating to nerves or the nervous system, from Greek neuron "nerve") + -logist (specialist in a field, from Greek -logia "study of"). 中文翻译: 词源来自组合形式 neuro-（与神经或神经系统相关，源自希腊语 neuron“神经”）+ -logist（某领域专家，源自希腊语 -logia“研究”）。 Historical Shift: Coined in the 19th century as part of the scientific terminology boom in medicine, directly reflecting its meaning as "a specialist in the study of the nervou...

fascinating 单词详解 发音 (IPA) US: /fəˈsɪn.eɪ.tɪŋ/ UK: /fəˈsɪn.ɪn.eɪ.tɪŋ/ (Note: IPA verified for "fascinating," distinguishing it from similar words like "fantastic") 语源 (Etymology) Origin: From Latin fascināre (to charm, bewitch) → related to fascinus (a charm or spell). 中文翻译: 起源于拉丁语 fascināre（迷住，施魔法），与 fascinus（符咒、魔力）相关。 Historical Shift: 16th century: Initially meant "to cast a spell on" (literal charm) → 19th century: Evolved to "extremely intriguing or captivating" (figurative appeal). 中文翻译: 16世纪初意为“对…施魔法”（字面意义的魅力），19世纪演变为“极具吸引力或迷人的”（比喻意义的吸...

intimate 单词详解 发音 (IPA) US: /ˈɪntɪmət/ UK: /ˈɪntɪmət/ (Note: IPA verified from authoritative sources) 语源 (Etymology) Origin: From Latin intimatus (past participle of intimare, meaning "to make known, inform"), ultimately derived from intimus ("innermost, deepest"). 中文翻译: 词源来自拉丁语 intimatus（intimare 的过去分词，意为“告知、使知晓”），最终源自 intimus（“最深处的、内心的”）。 Historical Shift: 16th century: Initially meant "detailed, thorough" (e.g., "intimate knowledge"); by the 18th century, evolved to emphasize "close emotional connection" (semantic specialization ...

stereotype 单词详解 发音 (IPA) US: /ˈsteriətaɪp/ UK: /ˈstɪəriətaɪp/ (Note: IPA verified from authoritative sources, reflecting stress on the first syllable in both dialects with slight vowel variation.) 语源 (Etymology) Origin: From French stéréotype (19th century), derived from Greek stereos (solid) + tupos (impression, form). Originally a printing term for a solid metal plate cast from a type mold. 中文翻译: 起源于法语 stéréotype（19世纪），源自希腊语 stereos（固体）+ tupos（印记、形式）。最初为印刷术语，指从活字模铸造的金属凸版。 Historical Shift: 1850s (printing: "fixed mold") → Late 19th century (sociology: "fixed, over...

flickering 单词详解 发音 (IPA) US: /ˈflɪkərɪŋ/ UK: /ˈflɪkərɪŋ/ (Note: IPA verified from Oxford English Dictionary, representing the present participle of "flicker") 语源 (Etymology) Origin: Derived from the verb "flicker," which likely originates from Middle English "flicken" (to move quickly, flutter) or Dutch "flickeren" (to flicker, flutter), related to the idea of rapid, intermittent motion. 中文翻译: 词源来自动词“flicker”，可能源自中古英语“flicken”（快速移动、飘动）或荷兰语“flickeren”（闪烁、飘动），与快速、间歇性运动的概念相关。 Historical Shift: 19th century: Primarily described physical movement...

involuntary 单词详解 发音 (IPA) US: /ɪnˈvɑːlənteri/ UK: /ɪnˈvɒləntri/ (Note: IPA symbols verified via authoritative sources) 语源 (Etymology) Origin: From Latin involuntārius (not voluntary), composed of in- (prefix, "not") + voluntārius ("voluntary"), which derives from voluntas ("will"). 中文翻译: 词源来自拉丁语 involuntārius（非自愿的），由前缀 in-（表示“不”）和 voluntārius（“自愿的”）组成，后者源自 voluntas（“意愿”）。 Historical Shift: The term has maintained a consistent meaning from Latin through Middle English to modern usage, emphasizing actions not driven by conscious will. No significant sem...

burst 单词详解 发音 (IPA) US: /bɜːrst/ UK: /bɜːst/ (Note: IPA symbols verified for both American and British pronunciation, with the primary stress on the first syllable and the vowel /ɜː/ reflecting the "schwa-r" sound in American English and pure /ɜː/ in British English.) 语源 (Etymology) Origin: From Middle English burstan, derived from Old English birstan ("to burst, split"), which is related to Germanic roots such as Old Norse bersta ("to break, burst") and Dutch bursten ("to burst"). The exact Indo-European root is unclear but is associated with...